Turkey straddles two continents and a dozen empires — a vast, warm, endlessly hospitable country where minarets, bazaars and Roman ruins share the skyline and every encounter comes with a glass of tea. Istanbul is the incomparable heart of it: a city of 16 million split by the Bosphorus between Europe and Asia, layered with Byzantine churches and Ottoman mosques, humming markets and a nightlife that runs till dawn. Chaotic, gorgeous, and astonishing value.
What things cost: Turkey is a bargain for visitors — a superb kebab, a Bosphorus ferry, a hammam all cost a fraction of Western prices, and the lira's long slide has only widened the gap. Istanbul's old-city sights carry a tourist premium and museum tickets have risen sharply, but eating, transport and staying are cheap. When a zone below says 'low', that means very low indeed.